Aakash and Ubislate 7 (Aakash2)

  

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List of Top 100 Engineering Colleges in India 2011

1. Indian Institute of Technology IIT Kanpur, Kanpur (Government)
2. Indian Institute of Technology IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur (Government)
3. Indian Institute of Technology IIT Bombay, Mumbai (Government)
4. Indian Institute of Technology IIT Madras, Chennai (Government)
5. Indian Institute of Technology IIT Delhi, Delhi (Government)
6. BITS Pilani, Pilani (Private)
7. IIT Roorkee, Roorkee (Government)
8. IT-BHU, Varanasi (Government)
9. IIT-Guwahati, Guwahati (Government)
10. College of Engg , Anna University, Guindy (Government)
11. Jadavpur University , Faculty of Engg & Tech, Calcutta (Government)
12. Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad (Government)
13. NIT- National Institute of Technology, Warangal (Government)
14. BIT, Mesra, Ranchi (Private)
15. NIT- National Institute of Technology, Trichy (Government)
16. Delhi College of Engineering. New Delhi (Government)
17. Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh (Government)
18. NIT- National Institute of Technology, Suratkal (Government)
19. Motilal Nehru National Inst. of Technology, Allahabad (Government)
20. Thapar Inst of Engineering & Technology, Patiala (Private)
21. Bengal Eng and Science University , Shibpur, Howrah (Government)
22. MANIT, Bhopal (Government)
23. PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore (Government)
24. IIIT, Hyderabad (Government)
25. Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur (Government)
26. Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur (Government)
27. VNIT, Nagpur (Government)
28. NIT- National Institute of Technology, Kozhikode (Government)
29. Dhirubhai Ambani IICT, Gandhinagar (Private)
30. Osmania Univ. College of Engineering, Hyderabad (Government)
31. College of Engineering , Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam (Government)
32. Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New Delhi (Government)
33. NIT- National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra (Government)
34. NIT- National Institute of Technology, Rourkela (Government)
35. SVNIT, Surat (Government)
36. Govt. College of Engineering, Pune (Government)
37. Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal (Private)
38. JNTU, Hyderabad (Government)
39. R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore (Private)
40. NIT- National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur (Government)
41. University Visvesvaraya College of Engg., Bangalore (Government)
42. VJTI, Mumbai (Government)
43. Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore (Private)
44. Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore (Government)
45. SSN College of Engineering, Chennai (Private)
46. IIIT, Allahabad (Government)
47. College of Engineering, Trivandrum (Government)
48. NIT Durgapur, Durgapur (Government)
49. SIT, Calcutta (Government)
50. Mumbai University Inst of Chemical Tech. Mumbai (Government)
51. Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Mumbai (Private)
52. P.E.S. Institute of Technology, Bangalore (Private)
53. Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune (Private)
54. Amrita Institute of Technology & Science, Coimbatore (Private)
55. National Institute of Engineering, Mysore (Private)
56. B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore (Private)
57. Laxminarayan Institute Of Tech., Nagpur (Government)
58. Nirma Institute of Technology, Ahmedabad (Private)
59. IIIT, Pune (Government)
60. Amity School of Engineering, Noida (Private)
61. JNTU, Kakinada (Government)
62. S.J. College of Engineering, Mysore (Private)
63. Chaitanya Bharathi Inst. of Technology, Hyderabad (Private)
64. IIIT, Bangalore (Government)
65. SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai (Private)
66. SASTRA, Thanjavur (Private)
67. Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore (Private)
68. The Technological Inst. of Textile & Sciences, Bhiwani (Government)
69. III, Gwalior (Government)
70. JNTU, Anantpur (Government)
71. M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore (Private)
72. Gitam, Vishakhapatnam (Private)
73. NIT- National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur (Government)
74. NIT- National Institute of Technology. Jalandhar (Government)
75. SV University Engineering College, Tirupati (Government)
76. NIT- National Institute of Technology, Raipur (Government)
77. Vasavi College of Engineering, Hyderabad (Private)
78. The ICFAI Inst of Science and Technology, Hyderabad (Private)
79. NIT- National Institute of Technology. Patna (Government)
80. Cummins Colleges of Engg of Women, Pune (Government)
81. VIT, Pune (Private)
82. Shri Ramdeo Baba K.N. Engineering College, Nagpur (Private)
83. Muffakham Jah Engineering College, Hyderabad (Private)
84. Karunya Institute of Technology, Coimbatore (Private)
85. D.J. Sanghvim, Mumbai (Private)
86. Sathyabhama Engineering College, Chennai (Private)
87. Kongu Engineering College, Erode (Private)
88. Mepco Schlek Engineering College, Sivakasi (Private)
89. Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana (Government)
90. Hindustan Inst of Engineering Technologym, Chennai (Private)
91. SDM College of Engineering, Dharwad (Private)
92. R.V.R. & J.C. College Of Engg, Guntur (Private)
93. Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, New Delhi (Government)
94. K.L. College of Engineering, Veddeswaram (Private)
95. Dharmsinh Desai Institute of Technology, Nadiad (Private)
96. S.G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore (Government)
97. Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur (Government)
98. Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering, Trivandrum (Private)
99. G.H. Patel College of Engg & Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar (Government)
100. Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar (Private)

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What is a CAM, R5, DVDRip, DVDSCR, XviD,TC…?

CAM
A cam is a theater rip usually done with a digital video camera. A mini tripod is sometimes used, but a lot of the time this wont be possible, so the camera make shake. Also seating placement isn’t always idle, and it might be filmed from an angle. If cropped properly, this is hard to tell unless there’s text on the screen, but a lot of times these are left with triangular borders on the top and bottom of the screen. Sound is taken from the onboard microphone of the camera, and especially in comedies, laughter can often be heard during the film. Due to these factors picture and sound quality are usually quite poor, but sometimes we’re lucky, and the theater will be fairly empty and a fairly clear signal will be heard.

TELESYNC (TS)
A telesync is the same spec as a CAM except it uses an external audio source (most likely an audio jack in the chair for hard of hearing people). A direct audio source does not ensure a good quality audio source, as a lot of background noise can interfere. A lot of the times a telesync is filmed in an empty cinema or from the projection booth with a professional camera, giving a better picture quality. Quality ranges drastically, check the sample before downloading the full release. A high percentage of Telesyncs are CAMs that have been mislabeled.

TELECINE (TC)
A telecine machine copies the film digitally from the reels. Sound and picture should be very good, but due to the equipment involved and cost telecines are fairly uncommon. Generally the film will be in correct aspect ratio, although 4:3 telecines have existed. A great example is the JURASSIC PARK 3 TC done last year. TC should not be confused with TimeCode , which is a visible counter on screen throughout the film

SCREENER (SCR)
A pre VHS tape, sent to rental stores, and various other places for promotional use. A screener is supplied on a VHS tape, and is usually in a 4:3 (full screen) a/r, although letterboxed screeners are sometimes found. The main draw back is a “ticker” (a message that scrolls past at the bottom of the screen, with the copyright and anti-copy telephone number). Also, if the tape contains any serial numbers, or any other markings that could lead to the source of the tape, these will have to be blocked, usually with a black mark over the section. This is sometimes only for a few seconds, but unfortunately on some copies this will last for the entire film, and some can be quite big. Depending on the equipment used, screener quality can range from excellent if done from a MASTER copy, to very poor if done on an old VHS recorder thru poor capture equipment on a copied tape. Most screeners are transferred to VCD, but a few attempts at SVCD have occurred, some looking better than others.

DVD-SCREENER (DVDscr)
Same premise as a screener, but transferred off a DVD. Usually letterbox , but without the extras that a DVD retail would contain. The ticker is not usually in the black bars, and will disrupt the viewing. If the ripper has any skill, a DVDscr should be very good. Usually transferred to SVCD or DivX/XviD.

DVDRip
A copy of the final released DVD. If possible this is released PRE retail (for example, Star Wars episode 2) again, should be excellent quality. DVDrips are released in SVCD and DivX/XviD.

VHSRip
Transferred off a retail VHS, mainly skating/sports videos and XXX releases.

TVRip
TV episode that is either from Network (capped using digital cable/satellite boxes are preferable) or PRE-AIR from satellite feeds sending the program around to networks a few days earlier (do not contain “dogs” but sometimes have flickers etc) Some programs such as WWF Raw Is War contain extra parts, and the “dark matches” and camera/commentary tests are included on the rips. PDTV is capped from a digital TV PCI card, generally giving the best results, and groups tend to release in SVCD for these. VCD/SVCD/DivX/XviD rips are all supported by the TV scene.

WORKPRINT (WP)
A workprint is a copy of the film that has not been finished. It can be missing scenes, music, and quality can range from excellent to very poor. Some WPs are very different from the final print (Men In Black is missing all the aliens, and has actors in their places) and others can contain extra scenes (Jay and Silent Bob) . WPs can be nice additions to the collection once a good quality final has been obtained.

DivX Re-Enc
A DivX re-enc is a film that has been taken from its original VCD source, and re-encoded into a small DivX file. Most commonly found on file sharers, these are usually labeled something like Film.Name.Group(1of2) etc. Common groups are SMR and TND. These aren’t really worth downloading, unless you’re that unsure about a film u only want a 200mb copy of it. Generally avoid.

Watermarks
A lot of films come from Asian Silvers/PDVD (see below) and these are tagged by the people responsible. Usually with a letter/initials or a little logo, generally in one of the corners. Most famous are the “Z” “A” and “Globe” watermarks.

Asian Silvers / PDVD
These are films put out by eastern bootleggers, and these are usually bought by some groups to put out as their own. Silvers are very cheap and easily available.

R5
R5 refers to a specific format of DVD released in DVD Region 5, the former Soviet Union, and bootlegged copies of these releases that are distributed on the Internet. In an effort to compete with movie piracy, the movie industry chose to create a new format for DVD releases that could be produced more quickly and less expensively than traditional DVD releases. R5 releases differ from normal releases in that they are a direct Telecine transfer of the film without any of the image processing common on DVD releases, and without any special features. This allows the film to be released for sale at the same time that DVD Screeners are released. Since DVD Screeners are the chief source of high-quality pirated movies, this allows the movie studios to beat the pirates to market. In some cases, R5 DVDs may be released without an English audio track, requiring pirates to use the direct line audio from the film’s theatrical release. In this case, the pirated release is tagged with “.LINE” to distinguish it from a release with a DVD audio track.

The image quality of an R5 release is generally comparable to a DVD Screener release, except without the added scrolling text and black and white scenes that serve to distinguish screeners from commercial DVD releases. The quality is better than Telecine transfers produced by movie pirates because the transfer is performed usingprofessional-grade film scanning equipment.

Because there is no scene release standard for pirated R5 releases, they were variably tagged as Telecines, DVD Screeners, or even DVD rips. In late 2006, several release groups such as DREAMLiGHT, mVs, and PUKKA began tagging R5 releases with “.R5″ or r5 line (the line meaning it has direct english line audio) and suggesting that other groups do the same.

VCD
VCD is an mpeg1 based format, with a constant bitrate of 1150kbit at a resolution of 352×240 (NTCS). VCDs are generally used for lower quality transfers (CAM/TS/TC/Screener(VHS)/TVrip(analogue) in order to make smaller file sizes, and fit as much on a single disc as possible. Both VCDs and SVCDs are timed in minutes, rather than MB, so when looking at an mpeg, it may appear larger than the disc capacity, and in reality u can fit 74min on a CDR74.

SVCD
SVCD is an mpeg2 based (same as DVD) which allows variable bit-rates of up to 2500kbits at a resolution of 480×480 (NTSC) which is then decompressed into a 4:3 aspect ratio when played back. Due to the variable bit-rate, the length you can fit on a single CDR is not fixed, but generally between 35-60 Mins are the most common. To get a better SVCD encode using variable bit-rates, it is important to use multiple “passes”. this takes a lot longer, but the results are far clearer.

XVCD/XSVCD
These are basically VCD/SVCD that don’t obey the “rules”. They are both capable of much higher resolutions and bit-rates, but it all depends on the player to whether the disc can be played. X(S)VCD are total non-standards, and are usually for home-ripping by people who don’t intend to release them.

DivX / XviD
XviD & DivX are the most commonly encoded movies. DivX used to be the most popular, until it went from open source to a corporation that bought the rights & started charging for it (although the crack can easily be obtained for the DivX encoder, most people have switched to XviD, not only because it is open source, but also because it is superior in many ways). In the last year or so, many stand-alone DVD players have been released that are capable of playing DivX/XviD movies (even on CDRs), which has made this the most popular form of encoding. The majority of XviD/DivX rips are taken from DVDs, and are generally in as good quality as possible that can fit on one 700MB CDR disc, which is why most XviD/DivX movies are almost exactly 700MB, so they can be burnt onto a CDR & played in these new DVD players (which can be purchased just about anywhere for as little as $30-$40 USD). Various codecs exist, the most popular at the moment being the new XviD 1.2 codec. DivX encoded movies will definitely play on these new DVD players, & it only takes a little simple tweaking by the ripper to ensure XviDs will play on them as well, but it is therefore not guaranteed. (If you want to learn more about XviD/DivX encoding so you can make your own DVDrips, just visit doom9.org)

x264
x264 is a free software library for encoding H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video streams. (More to come.)

CVD
CVD is a combination of VCD and SVCD formats, and is generally supported by a majority of DVD players. It supports MPEG2 bit-rates of SVCD, but uses a resolution of 352×480(ntsc) as the horizontal resolution is generally less important. Currently no groups release in CVD.

DVD-R
Is the recordable DVD solution that seems to be the most popular (out of DVD-RAM, DVD-R and DVD+R). it holds 4.7gb of data per side, and double sided discs are available, so discs can hold nearly 10gb in some circumstances. SVCD mpeg2 images must be converted before they can be burnt to DVD-R and played successfully. DVD>DVDR copies are possible, but sometimes extras/languages have to be removed to stick within the available 4.7gb.

MiniDVD
MiniDVD/cDVD is the same format as DVD but on a standard CDR/CDRW. Because of the high resolution/bit-rates, its only possible to fit about 18-21 mins of footage per disc, and the format is only compatible with a few players.

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How did Google get its name?

   
Google derived its name from the word “googol”, a term coined by then nine-year-old Milton Sirotta, nephew of the American mathematician Edward Kasner. The story goes, Kasner had asked his nephew to invent a name for a very large number – ten to the power of one hundred (the numeral one followed by 100 zeros), and Milton called it a googol. The term was later made popular and in Kasner’s book, Mathematics and the Imagination, which he co-authored with James Newman. Later, another mathematician invented the term “googolplex”, which represents ten to the power of a googol – a substantially larger number.
As the official representatives of www.google.com say, “Google’s use of the term [Google] reflects the company’s mission to organize the immense, seemingly infinite amount of information available on the web.”
Everybody knows it and uses it almost everyday. But how did Google got its name?

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Electrical and Electronic Inventions and Discoveries

1. Alpha and Beta particles-Ernest Rutherford (Britain)
2. Aniline: dyes-Ronald Hoffman 9U.S.A.)-185l
3. Atom Bomb-Otto Hahn (Uranium fission)-1941
4. Atomic Numbers-Mosley-1913
5. Atomic Structure-Bohr and Rutherford-1913
6. Adding Machine-Wilhelm Schickard (Germany)-1623
7. Airship (Non-rigid) Henri Giffard (France)-1852
8. Airship (rigid) G.F. Von Zeppelin (Gel’rr1any)-1900
9. Artificial Heart-Willem Kolff Qketherlandsl-1957
10. Atomic Bomb- J. Robert Oppenheimer (U.S.A.) -1945
11. Automatic Riffle- Johan browning (U.S.A.)-1918
12. Breaking up the nucleus of an atom-Rutherford-1918
13. Bakelite-Leo H. Baekeland (Be1gium)-1907
14. Ballistic Missile-Wernher Von Braun (Gerrrla11y)-1944
15. Ball Point Pen- John J. Loud (U.S.A.)-1888
16. Battery (Electric) -Alessandro Volta (1taly) – 1800
17. Bifocal Lens-Benjamin Franklin (U.S.A.)-1780
18. Bolt action rifle- P.Von Mauser (Germany)-1889
19. Bunsen Burner- R.Willhelm Von Bunsen (Germany)-1855
20. Burglar Alarm Edwin- T. Holmes (U.S.A.)-1858
21. Circumference of earth- Jean Piccard and J.F. Hayford
22. Cosmic rays-R.A. Millikan-1910
23. Crescograph- J.C. Bose (India)
24. Crystal Dynamics-Dr. C.V.Raman (lndia)-1928
25. Car (Steam)-Nicolas Cugnot (France)-1769
26. Car (Petrol)-Karl Benz (Gel-many) -1888
27. Carburettor.-Gottlieb Daimler (Germany)-l 276
28. Carpet Sweeper-Melville R.Bissell (U.S.A.)-1876
29. Cash Register-lames Ritty (U.S.A.)-1879
30. Cellophane-Dr. J. Brandenberger (Switzerland) – 1908
31. Celluloid-Alexander Parkes (Britain)-1861
32. Cement (Portland) -Joseph Aspdin (Britain) – 1824
33. Chronometer-John Harrison (Britain)-1735
34. Cinema- Nicolas & Jean Lumiere (France)-1895
35. Clock (Mechanical)-1. Hsing &Liang Ling-Tsan-(china)-1725
36. Clock (Pendulum) -Christian Huygens (Netherlands)-1656
37. Deuterium (Heavy hydrogen)-H.C.Urey-1932
38. Dynamite-Alfred Nobel-1862
39. Dental Plate-Anthony A. Plantson (U.S.A.)-1817
40. Dental Plate (Rubber) – Charles Goodyear (U.S.A.)-l 855
41. Diesel Engine- Rudolf Diesel (Germany)-1895
42. Disc Brake- Dr. F. Manchester (Britain) – 1902
43. Electrons- J. J. Thomson-1897
44. Electric battery, Methane gas- Alessandro Volta (ltaly)-1800
45. Explorer (Artificial Earth Satellite) -American Scientists-1958
46. Electric Blanket-Exhibited at the Vienna Exhibition -1883
47. Electric Flat Iron- H.W. Seeley (U.S.A.)-1882
48. Electric Furnace- William Siemens (Britain)-186l
49. Electric Lamp- Thomas Alva Edison (U.S.A.)-1879
50. Electric Motor (DC) – Zenobe Gramme (Belgium) -1873
51. Electric Motor (AC) – Nikola Tesla (U.S.A.)-1888
52. Electromagnet- William Sturgeon (Britain)- l 824
53. Electroplating Luigi Brugnatelli (1taly)-1805
54. Electronic Computer-Dr. Alan M. Turing (Britain)-1824
55. Facsimile Machine-Alexander Bain (Britain) -l 843
56. Film (Moving outlines) -Louis Prince (France)-1885
57. Film (Talking)-J.Engl, J.Mussolle & H. Vogt. (Germany) 1922
58. Film (Musical Soundly-Dr. Le de Forest (U.S.A.)-1923
59. Frequency Modulation (FM)-E. H. Armstrong (U.S.A.)-1933
60. Gas Lighting-William Murdock (Britain)-l 792
61. Geometry-Euclid
62. Galvanometer-Andre Marie Ampere (Franc) – l 834
63. Glass (Stained)-Augsburg (Germany)-C-1080
64. Glass Ware-Egypt & Mesopotamia -C-1500 B.C.
65. Glider-sir George Cayley (Britain)-1853
66. Guided Missile-Wernher Von Braun (Germany)-1942
67. Gyro-compass-Elmer A. Sperry (U.S.A.)-19l 1
68. Hydrogen & Argon-Cavendish (Britain)-1766
69. Holography.-Denis Gaston (Britain)-1947
70. Hydrogen Bomb-Edward Teller (U.S.A.)-1952
71. Induction of electric current- Michael Faraday-l 841
72. Iron lung (Drinker’s Chamber) -Dr. Philip Drinker
73. Incandescent Bulb-Thomas Alva Edison-1860
74. Intelligence Tests-Binet-1950
75. Iron Working (Carbonized) – (Cyprus & N. Palestine)-C-1200 B.C.
76. Jet Engine-sir Frank Whittle (Britain)-1937
77. Kodak camera-George Eastman (U.S.A.)-l 888
78. Laughing gas (Nitrous oxide) – J. Priestley
79. Lightning conductor-Benjamin Franklin (U.S.A.)-1752
80. Logarithms-John Napier-1614
81. Launderette- J. F. Cantrell (U.S.A.)-1934
82. Linoleum-Frederick Walton (Britain)-1860
83. Locomotive-Richard Trevithick (Britain)-1804
84. Loom, Power-E. Cartwright (Britain)-1785
85. Loudspeaker-Horace Short (Britain)-1900
86. Measurement of electrical energy -J. P. Joules (Britain)
87. Magnetic Recording Tape Maps – Fritz Pfleumer (Germany)-1928
88. Maps-Sumeria (Clay-tablets of river Euphrates)-C-3800 B.C.
89. Margarine- Hippolyte M. Mouries (France)-1869
90. Match, safety-John Walker (Britain)-1826
91. Microphone-Alexander Graham Bell (U.S.A.)-1876
92. Micro – Processor- Robert Noyces & Gordon Moore (U.S.A.) 1971
93. Microwave Oven- Percy L. Spencer (U.S.A.) – 1947
94. Motor Cycle-G.Daimler of Canadian (Germany)-1885
95. Movie Projector-Thomas Edison (U.S.A.)-1893
96. Neutron blames Chadwick (England)-1932
97. Noble gases-William Ramsay (Scotland)-1894
98. Nylon-Dr. Wallace H. Caruthers (U.S.A.)-1937
99. Neon Lamp-Georges Claude (France)-1910
100. Neutron Bomb-Samuel Cohen (U.S.A.)-1958
101. Oxygen-l. Priestley- 1774
102. Optical Fibre-Narinder Kapany (Germany) – 1955
103. Periodic Law-Mlendeleev-1869
104. Psycho-analysis-Dr. Sigmund Freud (Austria) -1895
105. Printing for the blind-Louis Braille
106. Photography (on Metal)-J.N. Niepce-1826
107. Photography (on Paper)-W. H. Fox Talbot-1835
108. Photography (on Film) George Eastman (U.S.A.)-1888
109. Principle of lever-Archimedes paper-china- A.D. 105
110. Parchment- Egypt- C-1300 B.C.
111. Parking Meter.-Carlton C.Magee (U.S.A.)-1935
112. Parallel Computing-Seymour Cray & David Gelerntes (U.S.A) 1979
113. Pasteurization-Louis Pasteur (France) 1867
114. Porcelain-Earliest report fromChina-851
115. Potter’s Wheel – Asia Minor -C-6500 B.C.
116. Printing (rotary) – Richard Hoe (U.S.A.)-1846
117. Printing (Web- Fed rotary)- William Bullock (U.S.A.)-1865
118. Propeller (Ship) – Francis Smith (Britain)-1837
119. Quantitative synthesis of water- Lavoisier (France)-1783
120. Radio-activity of Uranium-Henry Becquerel – 1896
121. Radium-Marie Curie-1899
122. Radio Telegraphy-Dr. Mahlon Loomis (U.S.A.)-1864
123. Radio Telegraphy (Trans Atlantic) -G. Marconi (ltaly)-1901
124. Rayon-sir Joseph Swan (Britain)-1883
125. Razor (electric)-Col Jacab Schick (U.S.A.)-1931
126. Record (long playing)-Dr. Peter Goldmark (U.S.A.)-1948
127. Refrigerator–lames Harrison, Alexander Catlin (U.S.A.)-1850
128. Rubber (latex Foam)-Dunlop Rubber Co. (Britain) – 1928
129. Rubber (Tyres)-Thomas Hancock (Britain)-1846.
130. Rubber (Vulcanised) -Charles Goodyear (U.S.A.)-1841
131. Rubber (Water proof) -Charles Macintosh (Britain)-1823
132. Rubik Cube-prof. Emo Rubik (Hungary)-1975
133. Sextant-John Hadley-1913
134. Sputnik (Baby Moon)-Russian Scientists-1957
135. Steel – Bessemer
136. Synthesis of Ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen-Haber, Fritz- 1885
137. Safety Pin-Walter Hunt (U.S.A.) -1849
138. Scotch Tape – Richard Drew (U.S.A.)-1930
139. Ship (Steam)-J .C. Perier (France)-1775
140. Ship (turbine) Hon.- Sir C. Parsons (Britain)-1894
141. Silk Manufacture.-China -C-50 B.C.
142. Skyscraper – W. Le Baron Jenny (U.S.A.)-1882
143. Slide Rule-William Oughtred (Britain) -162l
144. Spectacles (Convex) – Venice (lta1y)-1689
145. Spinning Frame- Sir Richard Arkwright (Britain)-1769
146. Steam Engine-Thomas Savery (Britain)-1698
147. Steam Engine (Piston)- Thomas Newcomen (Britain)-1612
148. Steam Engine (Condenser) – James Watt (Britain)-1765
149. Steel (Stainless) – Harry Bearley (Britain)-1916
150. Super Computer – J. H. Van Tassel (U.S.A.)-1976
151. Thermionic Valve- Sir John A. Fleming
152. Telegraph code- Samuel F. B. Morse-1837
153. T.N.T. (High explosive)-Will Brand
154. Telegraph- M. Lammond (France) – 1687
155. Telephone (lmperfect)-Antonio Meucci (Italy)-1849
156. Television (Electronic)-P.T. Farnsworth (U.S.A.)-1927
157. Telylene- J. R. Whinfield, J.T. Dickson (Britain)- 194l
158. Vitamins- F. G. Hopkins-1912
159. Vitamin D- Mc Collum) 1925
160. Velocity of light- Fizeau- 1902
161. Video Tape- Charles Ginsberg (U.S.A.)-1956
162. Velcro (hook and loop Fastener) -G. de Mestral (Switzerland) – 1948
163. Wireless telegraphy—G. Marconi -1896
164. Watch – Bartholomew Manfredi (Ita1y)-1462
165. Welder (electric) – Elisha Thomson (U.S.A.)-1877
166. Windmill – Persian Corn Grinding -C-600
167. Writing – Sumerian Civilization -C-3500 B.C.
168. X-Ray – W. K. Roentgen (Germany)-1895
169. Zeta (Zero Energy Thermo- nuclear Assembly) – British Scientists under Dr. Thoreman-1958
170. Zip Fastener – W. L. Judson (U.S.A.)-1891

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difference between Malware and antivirus

Malware is usually software used to track your surfing habits by setting cookies or gathering information and then reporting back to the person or company that sent it so they can send “pop ups” or e-mails that advertise their products. Note: technically a virus can be called malware too.
An antivirus program protects your computer by watching for suspicious behavior of applications and blocking them from running. Usually you will have a notice that it was blocked and ask whether you want to run that application. You can “Allow or Deny” and the antivirus will ‘remember’ your answer for next time.
An anti-malware program has a listing of malware and when you do a scan it finds and eliminates those applications. Most anti-malware programs do not offer “real time” protection they only work when you run the scan.
You need an up-to-date antivirus application on your computer to protect against viruses. You also should use an anti-malware application to remove the malware. Malwarebytes is a very good anti-malware application that is a free download. Spybot S&D(Search & Destroy) is also very good at removing malware plus it offers “real time” protection (called Teatimer). Spybot is a free download also.

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ROUTE MAPS TO ANY DESTINATION - Excellent site

Sub: ROUTE MAPS TO ANY DESTINATION - Excellent site

Very useful
Perhaps faster than Google maps
VISIT THIS AMAZING SITE:

 www.rome2rio.com <http://www.rome2rio.com/>

To find out route with map, to travel to any destination in the world by Air
(Local & international)  by Bus & Train Local.

Enter the starting place and destination and click. 

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Create Our Own Search Engine

First go to GOOGLE site "http://www.google.com" 

Then type "google.com/cse" in the google search bar

Click the first link from the results you get

Click "Create a Custom Search Engine" at the right side of the page

Login to your GMAIL or GOOGLE account by your id and password

Then fill in the details to create your own search engine

***Name(This is the name of your search engine,ex:samsearchengine)
***Description(Anything you want to describe your search engine)
***Sites(here you type the sites which you like to search with your search engine....
ex::www.google.com,www.youtube.com, www.yahoo.com ( line by line)

So, when you search anything from your search engine, then the web searches only from these sites

Accept the "Terms and Services" and click "next"

In the second step, if you want to change the theme of your search engine, change it. otherwise , click "next"

That's it.......you have created your own search engine

To get started with your search engine, click "Look and feel" at the top of the page

Then click "My search engines" at the left side of the page

If you have more that one search engine, then click which one you want. Or if you have only one, then click that search engine

So, that's your search engine....type a keyword in your search engine and you would get the result only from those site, which you have mentioned.

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HTTP Status Code

Following is a list of all the available HTTP 1.1 status codes, along with their associated message and interpretation. You should be cautious in using the status codes that are available only in HTTP 1.1, since many browsers still only support HTTP 1.0. If you do use status codes specific to HTTP 1.1, in most cases you want to either explicitly check the HTTP version of the request (via the getProtocol method of the HttpServletRequest) or reserve it for situations when no HTTP 1.0 status code would be particularly meaningful to the client anyhow.

Status Code	Associated Message	Meaning
100	Continue	Continue with partial request. (New in HTTP 1.1)
101	Switching Protocols	Server will comply with Upgrade header and change to different protocol. (New in HTTP 1.1)
200	OK	Everything's fine; document follows for GET and POST requests. This is the default for servlets; if you don't use setStatus, you'll get this.
201	Created	Server created a document; the Location header indicates its URL.
202	Accepted	Request is being acted upon, but processing is not completed.
203	Non-Authoritative Information	Document is being returned normally, but some of the response headers might be incorrect since a document copy is being used. (New in HTTP 1.1)
204	No Content	No new document; browser should continue to display previous document. This is a useful if the user periodically reloads a page and you can determine that the previous page is already up to date. However, this does not work for pages that are automatically reloaded via the Refresh response header or the equivalent <="" <="" code="" http-equiv="Refresh" meta=""> header, since returning this status code stops future reloading. JavaScript-based automatic reloading could still work in such a case, though.
205	Reset Content	No new document, but browser should reset document view. Used to force browser to clear CGI form fields. (New in HTTP 1.1)
206	Partial Content	Client sent a partial request with a Range header, and server has fulfilled it. (New in HTTP 1.1)
300	Multiple Choices	Document requested can be found several places; they'll be listed in the returned document. If server has a preferred choice, it should be listed in the Location response header.
301	Moved Permanently	Requested document is elsewhere, and the URL for it is given in the Location response header. Browsers should automatically follow the link to the new URL.
302	Found	Similar to 301, except that the new URL should be interpreted as a temporary replacement, not a permanent one. Note: the message was "Moved Temporarily" in HTTP 1.0, and the constant in HttpServletResponse is SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY, not SC_FOUND.Very useful header, since browsers automatically follow the link to the new URL. This status code is so useful that there is a special method for it,sendRedirect. Using response. sendRedirect(url) has a couple of advantages over doing response. setStatus (response.SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY) and response. setHeader("Location", url). First, it is easier. Second, with sendRedirect, the servlet automatically builds a page containing the link (to show to older browsers that don't automatically follow redirects). Finally,  sendRedirectcan handle relative URLs, automatically translating them to absolute ones.  Note that this status code is sometimes used interchangeably with 301. For example, if you erroneously ask for http://host/~user  (missing the trailing slash), some servers will send 301 and others will send 302. Technically, browsers are only supposed to automatically follow the redirection if the original request was GET. See the 307 header for details.
303	See Other	Like 301/302, except that if the original request wasPOST, the redirected document (given in the Locationheader) should be retrieved via GET. (New in HTTP 1.1)
304	Not Modified	Client has a cached document and performed a conditional request (usually by supplying an If-Modified-Since header indicating that it only wants documents newer than a specified date). Server wants to tell client that the old, cached document should still be used.
305	Use Proxy	Requested document should be retrieved via proxy listed in Location header. (New in HTTP 1.1)
307	Temporary Redirect	This is identical to 302 ("Found" or "Temporarily Moved"). It was added to HTTP 1.1 since many browsers erroneously followed the redirection on a 302 response even if the original message was a POST , even though it really ought to have followed the redirection of a POST request only on a 303 response. This response is intended to be unambigously clear: follow redirected GET and POST requests in the case of 303 responses, only follow the redirection for GET requests in the case of 307 responses. Note: for some reason there is no constant in HttpServletResponse corresponding to this status code. (New in HTTP 1.1)
400	Bad Request	Bad syntax in the request.
401	Unauthorized	Client tried to access password-protected page without proper authorization. Response should include aWWW-Authenticate header that the browser would use to pop up a username/password dialog box, which then comes back via theAuthorization header.
403	Forbidden	Resource is not available, regardless of authorization. Often the result of bad file or directory permissions on the server.
404	Not Found	No resource could be found at that address. This is the standard "no such page" response. This is such a common and useful response that there is a special method for it in HttpServletResponse: sendError(message). The advantage of sendError over setStatus is that, with sendError, the server automatically generates an error page showing the error message.
405	Method Not Allowed	The request method (GET, POST, HEAD, DELETE , PUT, TRACE, etc.) was not allowed for this particular resource. (New in HTTP 1.1)
406	Not Acceptable	Resource indicated generates a MIME type incompatible with that specified by the client via its Accept header. (New in HTTP 1.1)
407	Proxy Authentication Required	Similar to 401, but proxy server must return a Proxy-Authenticate header. (New in HTTP 1.1)
408	Request Timeout	The client took too long to send the request. (New in HTTP 1.1)
409	Conflict	Usually associated with PUT requests; used for situations such as trying to upload an incorrect version of a file. (New in HTTP 1.1)
410	Gone	Document is gone; no forwarding address known. Differs from 404 in that the document is is known to be permanently gone in this case, not just unavailable for unknown reasons as with 404. (New in HTTP 1.1)
411	Length Required	Server cannot process request unless client sends a Content-Length header. (New in HTTP 1.1)
412	Precondition Failed	Some precondition specified in the request headers was false. (New in HTTP 1.1)
413	Request Entity Too Large	The requested document is bigger than the server wants to handle now. If the server thinks it can handle it later, it should include a Retry-After header. (New in HTTP 1.1)
414	Request URI Too Long	The URI is too long. (New in HTTP 1.1)
415	Unsupported Media Type	Request is in an unknown format. (New in HTTP 1.1)
416	Requested Range Not Satisfiable	Client included an unsatisfiable Range header in request. (New in HTTP 1.1)
417	Expectation Failed	Value in the Expect request header could not be met. (New in HTTP 1.1)
500	Internal Server Error	Generic "server is confused" message. It is often the result of CGI programs or (heaven forbid!) servlets that crash or return improperly formatted headers.
501	Not Implemented	Server doesn't support functionality to fulfill request. Used, for example, when client issues command like PUT that server doesn't support.
502	Bad Gateway	Used by servers that act as proxies or gateways; indicates that initial server got a bad response from the remote server.
503	Service Unavailable	Server cannot respond due to maintenance or overloading. For example, a servlet might return this header if some thread or database connection pool is currently full. Server can supply a Retry-After header.
504	Gateway Timeout	Used by servers that act as proxies or gateways; indicates that initial server didn't get a response from the remote server in time. (New in HTTP 1.1)
505	HTTP Version Not Supported	Server doesn't support version of HTTP indicated in request line. (New in HTTP 1.1)

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5 Things that Should Not Do in Twitter

Twitter is micro blogging sites are most popular in Indonesia. Even thetwitter users in Indonesia ranks second from the top.

Frenetic that occurred in the 140-character blog is not rare to be breaking news. For example, when an actress who rage through twitter and public concern.
Like other social media, there are norms to be followed so that yourfollowers do not blaspheme or even blurred. Here are the things thatshould not be in-tweet, as quoted by PCMag.

1. Do not say anything that could get you fired or hard to get a job. Many people are unaware that twitter is a public space, once you post something bad, and then you will not know the response of people to follow you.

2. Do not tweet more than five times in one hour, let alone the contentstweet or comment on other people complain. Your followers will feeldisturbed because of his timeline is full of cursing you.

3. Do not reply every time someone else tweets. Some people just want toexpress that he felt in his heart without wanting a response from others.

4. Do not to retweets something without me mentions the person who firsttweet. Give credit to those who write first.

5. Do not beg others for you to follow. If you are interesting tweet, then youwill get the desired followers.

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